Journal of Osh State University. Medicine
Journal of Osh State University. Medicine
e-ISSN 1694-8831
DOI: 10.52754/16948831
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Justification of diagnostic methods for haemangiomas of the external coverings in children

Saltanat Toktosunova, Aitmamat Toktosunov, Davletsha Shayahmetov, Aizhan Ismailova, Arisel Ibragimova

Received 03.06.2025, Revised 06.11.2025, Accepted 17.12.2025

Abstract

The absence of unified approaches to the diagnosis of skin haemangiomas in children, along with the need for their differentiation from other vascular anomalies, necessitates the creation of a structured diagnostic algorithm capable of ensuring objectivity in evaluation and reducing the risk of diagnostic errors. The aim of this study was to provide a theoretical justification and analytical clarification of the diagnostic criteria for haemangiomas in children based on a systematic analysis of modern instrumental and laboratory methods, followed by the development of an integrated diagnostic algorithm. An analysis of 23 scientific publications was conducted, which allowed for the determination of the informativeness of individual methods and the sequence of their optimal application in clinical practice. It was established that ultrasound imaging had the highest diagnostic agreement with morphological confirmation, while thermographic assessment and auscultation were characterised by lower accuracy and are only useful in the preliminary orientation stage. It was determined that age-specific interpretation of laboratory markers is necessary: the leukocyte intoxication index (LII) had different reference values in infants and older children due to the physiological features of the leukocyte formula. The diagnostic thresholds for coagulation parameters for the early detection of Kasabach-Merritt syndrome were identified: platelets <50×103/μL, fibrinogen <100 mg/dL, D-dimers >5-20 mg/L. Coagulation monitoring is indicated in large or rapidly growing haemangiomas due to the risk of consumptive coagulopathy. Based on the obtained results, a hierarchical diagnostic algorithm was formulated, which involves the stepwise application of clinical examination, ultrasound imaging, laboratory testing of systemic markers, and morphological confirmation in cases of atypical progression or insufficient non-invasive data. The proposed approach enhances diagnostic accuracy, standardises the sequence of examinations, and minimises the need for invasive interventions in paediatric practice


Keywords:

vascular anomaly; instrumental method; laboratory marker; pathomorphological study; systemic response; peripheral blood

https://doi.org/10.52754/16948645_2025_4(2)_36

Retrieved from Vol. 4, No. 2, 2025

Pages 36-49

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Suggested citation

APA
Toktosunova, S., Toktosunov, A., Shayahmetov, D., Ismailova, A., & Ibragimova, A. (2025). Justification of diagnostic methods for haemangiomas of the external coverings in children. Journal of Osh State University. Medicine, 4(2), 36-49. https://doi.org/10.52754/16948645_2025_4(2)_36
Vancouver
Toktosunova S, Toktosunov A, Shayahmetov D, Ismailova A, Ibragimova A. Justification of diagnostic methods for haemangiomas of the external coverings in children. J Osh State Univ Med. 2025;4(2):36–49. doi:10.52754/16948645_2025_4(2)_36