Journal of Osh State University. Medicine
Journal of Osh State University. Medicine
e-ISSN 1694-8831
DOI: 10.52754/16948831
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Factors and pathogenetic mechanisms of male infertility in the Jalal-Abad Region of the Kyrgyz Republic

Shukhrat Mirzokulov, Dilshod Mirzakulov, Akyilbek Nurbulatov, Imarbek Amiraliev, Abdasbek Eshbaev, Nurzada Kasymbaeva

Received 05.03.2025, Revised 07.05.2025, Accepted 16.06.2025

Abstract

Male infertility remains a significant medical and social challenge, while regional data on its aetiological structure and pathogenetic mechanisms are limited. In the Jalal-Abad region of the Kyrgyz Republic, there is an urgent need to strengthen the evidence base for targeted diagnostic and preventive strategies. The aim of this study was to describe the aetiological structure and probable pathogenetic mechanisms of primary male infertility based on comprehensive clinical, laboratory, and instrumental assessments. A total of 110 men aged 20-38 years were examined, including 60 patients with primary infertility (history ≥12 months) and 50 healthy men who formed the control group. Clinical examinations, laboratory and hormonal analyses, semen evaluation, microbiological and serological diagnostics of infections, and ultrasonographic assessment of the genitourinary system were performed. The leading causes were infectious and inflammatory disorders of the genitourinary tract: among the 60 examined men, chronic urethritis was detected in a considerable proportion (non-specific – 23.3%; specific forms: trichomonal – 6.7%, chlamydial – 1.7%, ureaplasmal – 21.7%, mycoplasmal – 18.3%, and Gardnerella-associated – 26.7%), while ultrasound signs of chronic prostatitis were observed in 26.7% of participants. The microbiological profile was characterised by the predominance of staphylococci and Gram-negative bacilli, frequent mixed infections (46.7%), and urogenital candidiasis (8.3%). Seropositivity to cytomegalovirus reached 31.7%, and to herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 – 25.0%. Among anatomical and functional factors, varicocele (6.7%), orchiepididymitis (5.0%), cryptorchidism (1.7%), and obstruction of the seminal ducts (3.3%) were identified; endocrine abnormalities included secondary hypogonadism (5.0%). Azoospermia was detected in 8.3% of cases, mainly associated with secondary hypogonadism or obstruction. Systemic inflammation was confirmed in some patients by leukocytosis and an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, while leukocyturia was noted intermittently. The findings support the importance of early screening for sexually transmitted infections, chronic prostatitis, and hormonal disorders in the diagnostic pathways for primary male infertility in regional practice, enabling the personalisation of aetiotropic and pathogenetic therapy


Keywords:

male fertility disorders; reproductive function; urogenital infections; Chlamydia; Ureaplasma; Mycoplasma

https://doi.org/10.52754/16948645_2025_4(1)_72

Retrieved from Vol. 4, No. 1, 2025

Pages 72-83

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Suggested citation

APA
Mirzokulov, Sh., Mirzakulov, D., Nurbulatov, A., Amiraliev, I., Eshbaev, A., & Kasymbaeva, N. (2025). Factors and pathogenetic mechanisms of male infertility in the Jalal-Abad Region of the Kyrgyz Republic. Journal of Osh State University. Medicine, 4(1), 72-83. https://doi.org/10.52754/16948645_2025_4(1)_72
Vancouver
Mirzokulov Sh, Mirzakulov D, Nurbulatov A, Amiraliev I, Eshbaev A, Kasymbaeva N. Factors and pathogenetic mechanisms of male infertility in the Jalal-Abad Region of the Kyrgyz Republic. J Osh State Univ Med. 2025;4(1):72–83. doi:10.52754/16948645_2025_4(1)_72